Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:

$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$

$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$

$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$

$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$

$=2+3=5$

Vậy $M_{\min}=5$ 

Ta có \(\sqrt{2022a+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2}}\) 

\(=\sqrt{2a\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{b^2-2bc+c^2}{2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{4a^2+b^2+c^2+4ab+4ac-2bc}{2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2-4bc}{2}}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a+b+c}{\sqrt{2}}\).

Vậy \(\sqrt{2022a+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2}}\le\dfrac{2a+b+c}{\sqrt{2}}\). Lập 2 BĐT tương tự rồi cộng vế, ta được \(VT\le\dfrac{2a+b+c+2b+c+a+2c+a+b}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\) \(=\dfrac{4.1011}{\sqrt{2}}\) \(=2022\sqrt{2}\)

ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=0\\bc=0\\ca=0\\a+b+c=1011\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1011;0;0\right)\) hoặc các hoán vị. Vậy ta có đpcm.

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có ít nhất 2 số cùng phía so với 1

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là a và b

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+1\right)\ge\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{2\left(ab+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)

Lại có:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+1.1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{c}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{c\left(c+1\right)+c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=1\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài này đã có ở đây:

Cho abc=1CMR\(\dfrac{a+3}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b+3}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c+3}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\ge3\) - Hoc24

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b+a+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{4}{a^2}+\dfrac{4}{b^2}+\dfrac{4}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}.3=\dfrac{3}{16}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng bđt: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)^2\right]\)\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Áp dụng: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\left(2\right)\) với a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z

\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)(do (1))

\(\Rightarrow16P\le\dfrac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.4.\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)(do(2) và \(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=3\))

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

1.

Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b};\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{c}{c+a}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x=\dfrac{b}{b+a}\\1-y=\dfrac{c}{b+c}\\1-z=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{1}{8}\\ xyz=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\\ \Rightarrow xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\\ \Rightarrow2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{3}{4}+xy+yz+zx\)

\(\RightarrowĐpcm\)

2.